Transformer Safety Measures
To ensure the safe operation of a transformer and prevent failures due to overload, short circuits, overheating, or other faults, several protection mechanisms are used. Below are the key safety features:
1. Overcurrent Protection
Fuse: Breaks the circuit when excessive current flows.
Circuit Breaker: Trips in case of overload or short circuit to prevent damage.
2. Temperature Protection
Buchholz Relay: Detects gas accumulation or overheating in oil-immersed transformers.
Thermal Relay: Monitors and protects against excessive temperature rise.
Oil Temperature Indicator (OTI) & Winding Temperature Indicator (WTI): Provide alarms and trip signals when temperatures exceed safe limits.
3. Voltage and Current Protection
Relay Protection: Detects abnormal voltage or current and disconnects the
transformer.
Differential Protection: Quickly responds to internal transformer faults.
Earth Fault Relay: Detects leakage currents to the ground and prevents electrical hazards.
4. Oil and Breather Safety
Oil Level Indicator: Alerts when the transformer oil level is low.
Silica Gel Breather: Absorbs moisture from the air to protect transformer oil from contamination.
5. Lightning and Surge Protection
Lightning Arrester: Protects the transformer from high-voltage surges due to lightning strikes.
Surge Protector: Absorbs sudden voltage spikes to prevent insulation damage.
6. Grounding (Earthing Protection)
Proper grounding of the transformer body and neutral point ensures safe dissipation of leakage currents and prevents electric shocks.
7. Fire Protection
Fire safety systems such as CO₂ gas systems, water spray systems, and fire-resistant materials help prevent transformer fires.
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